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Industrial centrifuge is an important piece of equipment in modern industrial production, and one of its core components is the rotor. According to different application needs, industrial centrifuges are equipped with various types of rotors. This article will introduce several common industrial centrifuge rotor types to help you understand their characteristics and application scenarios.
The fixed-angle rotor is a common type in industrial centrifuge. When using a fixed-angle rotor, the centrifuge tubes are set at a certain angle to the central axis. This design provides the fixed-angle rotor with maximum strength and larger centrifugal capacity as it can accommodate more centrifuge tubes. The fixed-angle rotor is mainly suitable for sedimentation centrifugation, such as differential centrifugation, and is sometimes used for the isopycnic separation of heavy metal salts.
Although the fixed-angle rotor has good separation effects, the inner walls of the centrifuge tubes will be subjected to significant external pressure under high centrifugal force fields, which may cause the centrifuge tubes to collapse. Therefore, when using a fixed-angle rotor, special attention must be paid to the material and condition of the centrifuge tubes to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the centrifugation process.
The horizontal rotor, also known as a swinging-bucket rotor, is another common rotor type in industrial centrifuge. During high-speed rotation, the sleeves of the horizontal rotor move to a horizontal position. Compared to the fixed-angle rotor, horizontal rotors have fewer tubes, generally only 3 and 6 tube options, and each tube has a smaller capacity.
Horizontal rotors are mainly used for high-resolution zonal sedimentation and isopycnic centrifugation. Their outstanding advantage is achieving efficient separation in a short time, making them ideal for samples requiring high precision separation. However, due to the limitations in tube count and capacity, horizontal rotors are not suitable for processing large volumes of samples.
Vertical rotors also have an important place in industrial centrifuge. When using a vertical rotor, the centrifuge tubes are placed parallel to the axis. Vertical rotors are generally made of titanium alloy, providing high strength and corrosion resistance.
Vertical rotors are not suitable for differential separation but can achieve efficient centrifugation when using gradient cushions. Their biggest advantage is reaching sedimentation equilibrium faster than other rotor types, making them excellent for time-sensitive separation processes. However, due to multiple changes in the liquid layers, it is best to use an industrial centrifuge with a slow acceleration system to ensure the stability of the separation process.
Zonal rotors are divided into continuous zonal rotors and non-continuous zonal rotors. Continuous zonal rotors can continuously feed samples, while non-continuous zonal rotors can only feed samples one at a time. Common non-continuous zonal rotors come in two specifications: one with a total capacity of 650-660 ml, and the other with a total capacity of 1650-1660 ml.
The main structure of zonal rotors consists of upper and lower parts, designed to facilitate easy cleaning and maintenance. There is a central axis and radial partitions through which gradient liquids can be pumped into the rotor from the edge or center. The standout advantage of zonal rotors is the absence of wall effects during particle sedimentation, making them primarily used for the preparation of large sample separations. In recent years, zonal rotors have also been used for determining sedimentation coefficients.
When choosing a rotor for an industrial centrifuge, one needs to select based on specific application requirements and sample characteristics. Fixed-angle rotors are suitable for processing large samples and sedimentation centrifugation, horizontal rotors are suitable for high-precision separation, vertical rotors are ideal for time-sensitive separation processes, and zonal rotors are suitable for the preparation of large sample separations. By reasonably selecting and using different types of rotors, one can improve the working efficiency and separation effect of the industrial centrifuge.